C-27 Landscaping – Practice Exam 2

Welcome to your C-27 Landscaping - Practice Exam 2

What is the purpose of scoring wet concrete before it hardens?

What is the purpose of scoring wet concrete before it hardens?Deselect Answer

To add decorative texture patterns

To create weakened planes called control joints that guide where cracking will occur as the concrete shrinks during curing, resulting in straight controlled cracks rather than random surface cracks

To allow water to drain through the slab

To indicate property boundary lines

None

What is the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard requirement for Safety Data Sheets on landscape job sites?

What is the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard requirement for Safety Data Sheets on landscape job sites?Deselect Answer

SDS are optional documents provided at the manufacturer discretion

SDS must be maintained and readily accessible to workers for all hazardous chemicals used on the job site including pesticides, fertilizers, concrete products, fuel, and solvents

SDS only need to be kept at the contractor office not on job sites

Only chemicals classified as extremely hazardous require SDS

None

What is the purpose of pressure regulation in a drip irrigation system?

What is the purpose of pressure regulation in a drip irrigation system?Deselect Answer

To increase water pressure for better coverage

To reduce water pressure to the operating range of drip emitters typically 15 to 30 PSI, preventing emitter blow-off and ensuring even application rates across the zone

To filter sediment before it reaches the emitters

To measure the total flow through the drip system

None

What is the purpose of a master valve in an irrigation system?

What is the purpose of a master valve in an irrigation system?Deselect Answer

It is the largest valve in the system controlling the most heads

A normally-closed master valve installed on the mainline that only opens when the controller activates a zone, preventing mainline water loss from a valve that fails open or from static pressure leaks during non-irrigation periods

It manually controls water to all zones simultaneously

It is used only in commercial irrigation systems

None

What is the recommended minimum footing depth for a masonry retaining wall in a non-frost area of California?

What is the recommended minimum footing depth for a masonry retaining wall in a non-frost area of California?Deselect Answer

Surface-mounted with no footing required

Minimum 12 inches below finish grade, or to undisturbed native soil

Only 4 inches is needed for walls under 3 feet

Footings are only needed for walls over 6 feet

None

What is the function of a retainage clause in a landscape construction contract?

What is the function of a retainage clause in a landscape construction contract?Deselect Answer

It allows the contractor to retain unused materials after the project

It allows the owner to withhold a percentage typically 5 to 10 percent of each progress payment until the project is complete and accepted, providing financial leverage to ensure the contractor finishes the work

It gives the contractor the right to stop work if not paid on time

It specifies the penalty for late project completion

None

What is a unit price bid in landscape contracting?

What is a unit price bid in landscape contracting?Deselect Answer

A bid based only on the contractor hourly labor rate

A bid where each type of work item is priced per unit of measure, allowing quantity adjustments during construction without completely renegotiating the contract

A fixed total price with no itemization

A price per square foot for the entire project regardless of scope

None

What is the purpose of the design-build delivery method in landscape contracting?

What is the purpose of the design-build delivery method in landscape contracting?Deselect Answer

The contractor designs the project after construction is complete

The same contractor provides both the design and construction services, offering a single point of responsibility and often faster project delivery than the traditional design-bid-build process

Design-build is only permitted for projects under $50,000

Design-build requires a separate architect to review all plans

None

What is the typical slope recommended for a drainage swale to ensure positive flow without erosion?

What is the typical slope recommended for a drainage swale to ensure positive flow without erosion?Deselect Answer

0.1 percent minimum; erosion is not a concern in swales

1 to 3 percent minimum slope with proper vegetation or riprap to control erosion at higher slopes

10 percent minimum for adequate flow

Swales must be level to allow water to percolate

None

10.

What information should be included in a landscape project as-built drawing set?

What information should be included in a landscape project as-built drawing set?Deselect Answer

Only changes from the original design

The actual installed locations of all elements including irrigation pipe, valve locations, controller wiring, tree placements, and any deviations from the original plans

Only the plant schedule and material specifications

As-built drawings are not required for landscaping projects

None

11.

What is the purpose of using fiber reinforcement in concrete?

What is the purpose of using fiber reinforcement in concrete?Deselect Answer

To replace rebar completely in all structural applications

To reduce plastic shrinkage cracking during the early curing phase by bridging micro-cracks before they propagate, though it does not provide the structural tensile strength of rebar

To add color to decorative concrete

To increase the slump of the concrete for better workability

None

12.

What is the Cal/OSHA requirement for workers lifting heavy objects such as large boulders or plant containers?

What is the Cal/OSHA requirement for workers lifting heavy objects such as large boulders or plant containers?Deselect Answer

Workers can lift any weight if they are physically capable

Employers must assess manual handling tasks for injury risk, provide training on proper lifting techniques, use mechanical assistance for loads over 50 pounds, and reduce repetitive lifting through task rotation

Lifting limits are only required for workers under 18

No regulations apply to lifting in outdoor environments

None

13.

What personal protective equipment is required when operating a string trimmer near hardscape?

What personal protective equipment is required when operating a string trimmer near hardscape?Deselect Answer

No PPE required for small handheld equipment

At minimum: safety glasses or a face shield, hearing protection if used for extended periods, closed-toe shoes or boots, and long pants

Only a dust mask is needed to prevent grass inhalation

Full body armor is required by Cal/OSHA

None

14.

What is the California requirement for ladder safety in landscape work?

What is the California requirement for ladder safety in landscape work?Deselect Answer

Any ladder long enough to reach the work area is acceptable

Ladders must be the correct type and length for the task, in good condition, set at the correct angle of 1 foot out for every 4 feet of height, secured to prevent slipping, and extend 3 feet above any landing or access point

Ladders only need inspection if a worker has fallen previously

Extension ladders can be used at any angle as long as they reach the work area

None

15.

What is a drip zone and what types of plants is it most appropriate for?

What is a drip zone and what types of plants is it most appropriate for?Deselect Answer

A zone where pop-up spray heads are used for dense ground covers

A low-volume irrigation zone using drip emitters or micro-spray heads delivering water directly to individual plants; most appropriate for shrubs, trees, roses, and mixed planting beds

Any irrigation zone in a low-rainfall area of California

A zone that only operates during rainy weather to supplement rainfall

None

16.

What is the recommended irrigation method for a steep slope planted with drought-tolerant native shrubs?

What is the recommended irrigation method for a steep slope planted with drought-tolerant native shrubs?Deselect Answer

High-precipitation-rate rotary heads to apply water quickly before it runs off

Drip irrigation with emitters at each plant, which applies water directly to the root zone at a rate the soil can absorb, preventing runoff on the slope

Hand watering only

No irrigation needed for native plants even on slopes

None

17.

What is the purpose of an isolation valve on each irrigation zone at the valve manifold?

What is the purpose of an isolation valve on each irrigation zone at the valve manifold?Deselect Answer

To increase water pressure in zones with inadequate pressure

To allow individual zones to be shut off for repairs or winterization without shutting down the entire irrigation system

To prevent water from flowing between zones when multiple valves are open

Isolation valves are only used on commercial irrigation systems

None

18.

What is the proper technique for using a bull float on fresh concrete?

What is the proper technique for using a bull float on fresh concrete?Deselect Answer

Push the bull float across the concrete with the leading edge raised slightly to prevent digging in, moving in straight passes to level the surface

Press the bull float firmly into the concrete to compact the surface

Use the bull float in a circular motion to blend aggregate

Apply the bull float only after the concrete has fully set

None

19.

What is the purpose of weep holes in a mortared retaining wall?

What is the purpose of weep holes in a mortared retaining wall?Deselect Answer

For aesthetic decoration

To allow water that accumulates behind the wall to drain through, relieving hydrostatic pressure that could cause the wall to fail

To provide ventilation for plant roots behind the wall

To allow inspection of the wall interior

None

20.

What is the proper response when a worker develops symptoms of heat exhaustion on a landscaping job site?

What is the proper response when a worker develops symptoms of heat exhaustion on a landscaping job site?Deselect Answer

Give the worker a cold drink and have them continue working in the shade

Move the worker to a cool shaded area, provide cool water to drink, loosen clothing, apply cool water to skin, monitor closely, and seek medical attention if symptoms do not improve within 15 minutes or if symptoms of heat stroke develop

Have the worker lie in direct sunlight to sweat out the heat

Administer aspirin or ibuprofen immediately

None

21.

What is the best practice for watering a newly installed balled-and-burlapped tree during the first summer?

What is the best practice for watering a newly installed balled-and-burlapped tree during the first summer?Deselect Answer

Water deeply once at installation and then not again for 2 years

Water the root ball directly and frequently every 1 to 3 days depending on conditions for the first 2 to 4 weeks, then gradually transition to less frequent deep watering as roots establish

Apply water only to the area within the drip line

Apply irrigation to the entire surrounding lawn area only

None

22.

What do USA/811 utility markings indicate about the depth of underground utilities?

What do USA/811 utility markings indicate about the depth of underground utilities?Deselect Answer

USA/811 markings indicate the approximate horizontal location of utilities but do not indicate depth. Hand digging is required within the tolerance zone around markings

Utilities are marked at the surface only with depth displayed on the flag

Utilities are always exactly 24 inches below the surface at marks

Markings indicate depth within 6 inches of the actual utility

None

23.

What is the recommended application rate of organic fertilizer for establishing new landscape plants?

What is the recommended application rate of organic fertilizer for establishing new landscape plants?Deselect Answer

Apply as much as possible to ensure fast establishment

Follow manufacturer label directions: typically a low-rate application at planting to avoid root burn with follow-up applications as plants establish starting 4 to 6 weeks after installation

Fertilize only after plants show signs of nutrient deficiency

All new plants require the same fertilizer type and rate

None

24.

What is the correct method for installing in-line drip emitters on 1/2-inch poly tubing?

What is the correct method for installing in-line drip emitters on 1/2-inch poly tubing?Deselect Answer

Punch a hole and press the emitter barb firmly in until seated, using a punch tool sized for the emitter barb

Drill a hole with any available drill bit and force the emitter in without a punch tool

Cut the tubing and use threaded fittings to connect the emitter

Crimp the tubing to reduce flow at the emitter location

None

25.

What is the minimum height clearance required under a tree when pruning for clearance over a public walkway?

What is the minimum height clearance required under a tree when pruning for clearance over a public walkway?Deselect Answer

6 feet

7 feet

8 feet

10 feet

None

26.

When should a landscaping contractor recommend replacing an irrigation controller rather than repairing it?

When should a landscaping contractor recommend replacing an irrigation controller rather than repairing it?Deselect Answer

Controllers should always be repaired regardless of age

When the controller is more than 10 years old with multiple failed programs or stations, lacks modern features like ET programming and WiFi connectivity, or when repair cost approaches replacement cost

Only when the controller stops working entirely

Controllers never need replacement if properly maintained

None

27.

What is the correct pruning technique for a rose bush in California to encourage vigorous growth in spring?

What is the correct pruning technique for a rose bush in California to encourage vigorous growth in spring?Deselect Answer

Remove only dead flowers and leave all canes intact year-round

In late winter cut back hybrid tea and grandiflora roses by 1/3 to 1/2 of their height, removing dead and crossing canes and cutting to outward-facing buds at 45-degree angles

Prune roses only in summer when new growth is actively occurring

Remove the entire plant to the ground every fall

None

28.

What is the purpose of soil amendment in landscape construction?

What is the purpose of soil amendment in landscape construction?Deselect Answer

To change the color of the soil

To improve the physical and chemical properties of existing soil to support healthy plant growth, better drainage or water retention, and beneficial microbial activity

Amendments are only needed for vegetable gardens

To increase the soil compaction for better structural support

None

29.

What fall protection is required when landscape workers work at heights?

What fall protection is required when landscape workers work at heights?Deselect Answer

Fall protection is never required for landscape workers since they work at ground level

Cal/OSHA requires fall protection for workers at heights of 7.5 feet or more above a lower level; for tree climbing fall protection per ANSI Z133 is required when using ladders or aerial lifts

Fall protection is only required when using a ladder

Only commercial building workers need fall protection

None

30.

What is the correct installation practice for in-ground low-voltage landscape lighting wire?

What is the correct installation practice for in-ground low-voltage landscape lighting wire?Deselect Answer

Lay wire on the surface and cover with mulch

Bury wire a minimum 6 inches deep in conduit or direct burial cable, away from irrigation piping and locations where it could be cut by edging equipment

Wire can be stapled to the surface of the soil without burial

Depth of burial is not required by any code for low-voltage landscape lighting

None

31.

What is the purpose of a landscape maintenance contract separate from the installation contract?

What is the purpose of a landscape maintenance contract separate from the installation contract?Deselect Answer

Maintenance contracts are required by the CSLB for all landscaping work

A maintenance contract defines ongoing services after installation is complete, establishing a recurring revenue stream for the contractor and ensuring proper plant establishment for the client

Maintenance contracts replace the installation warranty

Only companies with both a C-27 and a C-61 license can offer maintenance contracts

None

32.

What material should be placed immediately behind a dry-stack stone retaining wall for drainage?

What material should be placed immediately behind a dry-stack stone retaining wall for drainage?Deselect Answer

Compacted clay backfill

Washed angular gravel or crushed rock at least 12 inches wide extending the full height of the wall

Native soil with no amendments

Concrete grout poured behind each course

None

33.

What is the proper procedure when a landscape worker accidentally contacts underground electrical wiring during excavation?

What is the proper procedure when a landscape worker accidentally contacts underground electrical wiring during excavation?Deselect Answer

Continue digging carefully around the wire

Stop all excavation immediately, do not attempt to move or cut the wire, keep all workers away from the area, call the utility company and 911 if the wire appears damaged, and do not resume work until the utility has inspected and cleared the site

Push the wire to the side and continue working

Cover the exposed wire with soil and note its location

None

34.

What is the purpose of installing a vapor barrier under a concrete slab in a landscape setting?

What is the purpose of installing a vapor barrier under a concrete slab in a landscape setting?Deselect Answer

To add color to the concrete

To prevent soil moisture from migrating up through the concrete, reducing efflorescence, moisture-related cracking, and mold or mildew on the slab surface

Only needed in areas with standing water above grade

Vapor barriers are only required for interior concrete slabs

None

35.

What is the purpose of the scratch coat in a stone or tile veneer installation?

What is the purpose of the scratch coat in a stone or tile veneer installation?Deselect Answer

It is the final decorative finish coat visible after installation

It is the first mortar coat applied to the substrate that is scratched while wet to create mechanical bond for the subsequent setting bed or adhesive mortar layer

It is used to fill joints between stone pieces

It is a waterproof membrane coat only

None

36.

What is the purpose of a traffic control plan when performing landscape maintenance in a public right-of-way?

What is the purpose of a traffic control plan when performing landscape maintenance in a public right-of-way?Deselect Answer

Only required for projects taking more than one week

To protect workers and the public from traffic hazards by specifying the placement of cones, signs, barriers, and flaggers to safely direct traffic around and through the work zone

Only required when using equipment with a rotating drum

Traffic control plans are prepared only by traffic engineers

None

37.

What are the Cal/OSHA requirements for emergency communication on remote landscape job sites?

What are the Cal/OSHA requirements for emergency communication on remote landscape job sites?Deselect Answer

Workers can rely on finding a nearby business to call for help

When working in areas without cellular coverage, contractors must have an emergency communication plan and reliable means to contact emergency services such as a satellite phone or radio, and must be able to direct emergency responders to the location

Emergency communication is only required on commercial projects

A standard cell phone is always adequate emergency communication

None

38.

What is the correct way to splice low-voltage landscape lighting wire connections?

What is the correct way to splice low-voltage landscape lighting wire connections?Deselect Answer

Tape the bare wires together with electrical tape only

Use waterproof wire connectors or direct-burial gel-filled connectors rated for outdoor use to ensure a weathertight, corrosion-resistant connection

Twist wires together and leave exposed to allow easy inspection

Solder all connections with rosin-core solder only

None

39.

What is the maximum height for a single-run CMU garden wall without requiring an engineered footing in most residential applications?

What is the maximum height for a single-run CMU garden wall without requiring an engineered footing in most residential applications?Deselect Answer

2 feet

4 feet

6 feet

8 feet

None

40.

What is the correct formula for calculating the volume of concrete for a circular fountain base 8 feet in diameter and 6 inches thick?

What is the correct formula for calculating the volume of concrete for a circular fountain base 8 feet in diameter and 6 inches thick?Deselect Answer

Pi x radius x thickness

Pi x radius squared x thickness in feet: 3.14 x 16 x 0.5 = 25.1 cubic feet, then divide by 27 = 0.93 cubic yards

Diameter x diameter x thickness

Circumference x thickness

None

41.

What is the proper base preparation for installing a brick-in-sand patio?

What is the proper base preparation for installing a brick-in-sand patio?Deselect Answer

Compact existing soil and install bricks directly on bare dirt

Excavate to proper depth, compact subgrade, install 4 to 6 inches of compacted Class II aggregate base, then 1 inch of bedding sand screeded to grade

Pour a concrete slab and install bricks directly into wet concrete

Excavate and fill with 4 inches of loose sand only

None

42.

What soil condition is indicated when water pools on the surface for extended periods after irrigation?

What soil condition is indicated when water pools on the surface for extended periods after irrigation?Deselect Answer

The irrigation run time is too short

The soil has poor infiltration either because it is very compacted, is high in clay content, or has a hardpan layer impeding downward drainage

The soil has excellent moisture retention properties

The plants are being over-irrigated only if it occurs in summer

None

43.

What is the most common cause of poor coverage in an irrigation system that previously worked well?

What is the most common cause of poor coverage in an irrigation system that previously worked well?Deselect Answer

The controller settings have changed automatically

Clogged, broken, or tilted sprinkler heads and worn nozzles that have degraded over time

The water pressure at the meter has permanently decreased

Plants have grown larger and are blocking sprinkler throw

None

44.

What is the recommended minimum gap between a concrete slab and a wood building structure?

What is the recommended minimum gap between a concrete slab and a wood building structure?Deselect Answer

No gap is required if the concrete is sloped away from the building

A minimum 1/2-inch expansion joint filled with closed-cell backer rod and sealant

6 inches minimum to allow drainage

The slab should be poured against the building for stability

None

45.

What is the proper installation depth for an irrigation valve box?

What is the proper installation depth for an irrigation valve box?Deselect Answer

Flush with finish grade or slightly above to prevent water intrusion into the box

The valve box lid should be flush with or slightly below finish grade to allow lawnmower clearance while keeping the valve accessible

6 inches above grade to keep the valve dry

Depth is irrelevant as long as the valve is accessible

None

46.

What is the purpose of providing workers compensation insurance for landscape crew members?

What is the purpose of providing workers compensation insurance for landscape crew members?Deselect Answer

It is optional insurance that contractors can choose to purchase

California law requires all employers with employees to carry workers compensation insurance, which pays for medical treatment and lost wages when employees are injured on the job, protecting both the worker and the employer

Workers compensation only applies to injuries involving power tools

Only full-time employees must be covered; part-time workers are exempt

None

47.

What is the proper technique for laying a running bond brick pattern?

What is the proper technique for laying a running bond brick pattern?Deselect Answer

All bricks aligned vertically in continuous columns

Each course offset by half a brick length from the course below, creating staggered vertical joints that distribute load and improve structural integrity

Every other course placed on its side as a soldier course

Bricks placed diagonally at 45 degrees throughout

None

48.

What is the proper procedure for refueling gasoline-powered equipment on a landscape job site?

What is the proper procedure for refueling gasoline-powered equipment on a landscape job site?Deselect Answer

Refuel while the engine is running to save time

Turn off and allow the engine to cool before refueling, refuel in a well-ventilated area away from ignition sources, do not overfill, wipe any spills immediately, and store fuel containers safely

Use any available container to transfer fuel

Refueling safety precautions only apply to equipment over 10 horsepower

None

49.

What is the typical contingency percentage added to a landscape bid for a complex project with significant unknown conditions?

What is the typical contingency percentage added to a landscape bid for a complex project with significant unknown conditions?Deselect Answer

1 to 2 percent

5 to 15 percent

20 to 30 percent

50 percent

None

50.

What is the purpose of a first aid kit and how should it be maintained on a landscape job site?

What is the purpose of a first aid kit and how should it be maintained on a landscape job site?Deselect Answer

First aid kits are optional equipment on landscape jobs

First aid kits provide immediate treatment for minor injuries and must be maintained on all job sites with appropriate supplies for the hazards present, regularly inspected, and restocked as items are used

A single aspirin bottle constitutes an adequate first aid kit for landscape crews

First aid kits are only required when working on projects exceeding $100,000

None

51.

What is the recommended approach for repairing a cracked concrete walkway section?

What is the recommended approach for repairing a cracked concrete walkway section?Deselect Answer

Fill the crack with expansion joint sealant

If the crack is wider than 1/4 inch or involves differential settlement, saw-cut and remove the damaged section back to the nearest control joints, excavate and re-compact the base, and pour a new matching concrete section

Apply a skim coat of concrete over the entire slab surface

Paint over the crack to conceal it

None

52.

What does the term finish grade mean in landscape construction?

What does the term finish grade mean in landscape construction?Deselect Answer

The quality rating of the contractor work

The final elevation of the ground surface after all grading, soil preparation, and amendment work is complete, ready to receive planting or hardscape

The grade of materials used in the project

The slope of drainage swales only

None

53.

What does a planting palette refer to in landscape design?

What does a planting palette refer to in landscape design?Deselect Answer

The colors of hardscape materials used in the project

The collection of plant species selected for a specific project, chosen for their compatibility with the site conditions, design aesthetic, and maintenance requirements

The type of mulch used in planting beds

The layout template for placing plants in the ground

None

54.

When grading a site for proper drainage, what is the minimum fall required away from a house foundation across a paved patio surface?

When grading a site for proper drainage, what is the minimum fall required away from a house foundation across a paved patio surface?Deselect Answer

1/8 inch per foot

1/4 inch per foot (2 percent)

1/2 inch per foot

1 inch per foot

None

55.

What is the recommended tree planting technique for trees on slopes to maximize establishment success?

What is the recommended tree planting technique for trees on slopes to maximize establishment success?Deselect Answer

Plant the tree perpendicular to the slope so it leans uphill

Plant the tree plumb vertical, create a level planting area on the slope by cutting back the uphill side, build a raised berm on the downhill side to create a level water basin, and place mulch in the basin

Plant the tree at the base of the slope where water collects

Plant the tree with the root ball half buried and half exposed to air for drainage

None

56.

What is the Cal/OSHA requirement for worker protection when applying pesticides adjacent to public areas?

What is the Cal/OSHA requirement for worker protection when applying pesticides adjacent to public areas?Deselect Answer

No special precautions are needed if commercial-grade pesticides are used

Post warning signs at all entry points for the re-entry interval stated on the pesticide label, use appropriately labeled PPE, and prevent public access to the treated area during application and during the restricted entry interval

Verbal warnings to bystanders are sufficient protection

Restrictions only apply to licensed pesticide applicators

None

57.

What is the recommended method for cutting and removing invasive tree roots that are damaging a paved surface?

What is the recommended method for cutting and removing invasive tree roots that are damaging a paved surface?Deselect Answer

Trench through the roots with a backhoe immediately adjacent to the tree trunk

Use an air spade or hand digging to expose roots before cutting, cut cleanly with a saw or root pruner, and consult an arborist regarding the impact of root removal on tree stability

Apply herbicide directly to the roots to kill them

Pour concrete over the roots to immobilize them

None

58.

What is the purpose of a compaction test specification requiring 90 percent relative compaction?

What is the purpose of a compaction test specification requiring 90 percent relative compaction?Deselect Answer

It means 90 percent of the area must be compacted and the other 10 percent can be loose

The compacted soil must achieve a density equal to 90 percent of the maximum dry density determined by the Proctor test in the laboratory, ensuring the subgrade is stable enough to support the overlying construction

90 percent compaction means using a 90 PSI compactor

The top 90 percent of the soil layer must be compacted and the bottom 10 percent can remain loose

None

59.

What is the recommended follow-up care after installing a new lawn from seed?

What is the recommended follow-up care after installing a new lawn from seed?Deselect Answer

Water once per week deeply and avoid walking on the area for 2 months

Water lightly 2 to 4 times daily to keep the seedbed moist until germination, then gradually transition to less frequent deeper irrigation as the turf establishes; avoid mowing until turf reaches 3 to 4 inches

Apply pre-emergent herbicide after seeding to prevent weeds

Fertilize heavily with high-nitrogen fertilizer immediately after seeding

None

60.

What is the purpose of a SWPPP on a landscaping project?

What is the purpose of a SWPPP on a landscaping project?Deselect Answer

To plan the irrigation system design

To document the Best Management Practices that will be implemented to prevent pollutants including sediment and construction chemicals from leaving the site in stormwater runoff

To calculate the required drainage pipe sizes

To schedule construction activities during dry weather only

None

61.

What is the recommended method for removing an existing lawn before landscape renovation?

What is the recommended method for removing an existing lawn before landscape renovation?Deselect Answer

Apply double the recommended rate of herbicide and wait one week

Solarize with clear plastic in summer for 4 to 6 weeks, apply appropriate herbicide with required re-entry interval, or mechanically remove with a sod cutter depending on the situation

Rototill the grass to kill it and incorporate it into the soil immediately

Simply plant over the existing lawn without removal

None

62.

When should dead heading be performed on flowering landscape plants?

When should dead heading be performed on flowering landscape plants?Deselect Answer

Never since spent blooms add natural texture

Regularly throughout the blooming season by pinching or cutting off faded flowers before they set seed, which redirects plant energy from seed production to producing new flowers

Only once at the end of the growing season

Dead heading is only for roses not other flowering plants

None

63.

A landscape contractor is bidding on installing 300 linear feet of 6-foot cedar fence with posts spaced 8 feet on center. How many posts are needed?

A landscape contractor is bidding on installing 300 linear feet of 6-foot cedar fence with posts spaced 8 feet on center. How many posts are needed?Deselect Answer

37 posts

39 posts

40 posts

42 posts

None

64.

What is a flow sensor in an irrigation system and what is its purpose?

What is a flow sensor in an irrigation system and what is its purpose?Deselect Answer

A device that adjusts sprinkler nozzle radius based on water pressure

A device installed in the mainline that monitors water flow rate, allowing the controller to detect leaks, broken pipes, or stuck-open valves by comparing actual flow to expected flow for each zone

A sensor that measures soil moisture to trigger irrigation

A pressure gauge used during system installation only

None

65.

How should a landscape contractor handle a request for additional work beyond the original contract scope during a project?

How should a landscape contractor handle a request for additional work beyond the original contract scope during a project?Deselect Answer

Perform the additional work and bill for it after project completion

Prepare and obtain written approval for a change order specifying the additional scope, cost, and any schedule impact before performing the additional work

Refuse all scope changes to avoid project complications

Add the work to the next project without additional charge as a goodwill gesture

None

66.

What is the purpose of installing a pressure vacuum breaker above the highest sprinkler head in the system?

What is the purpose of installing a pressure vacuum breaker above the highest sprinkler head in the system?Deselect Answer

To increase water pressure throughout the system

To ensure the PVB operates correctly: it must be installed at least 12 inches above the highest downstream outlet to create the required air gap that prevents back-siphonage

So the PVB can be inspected without bending over

Elevation above the sprinkler heads has no effect on PVB function

None

67.

What is the purpose of installing root barriers adjacent to hardscape when planting trees?

What is the purpose of installing root barriers adjacent to hardscape when planting trees?Deselect Answer

To prevent irrigation water from reaching tree roots

To deflect tree roots downward rather than horizontally under hardscape, preventing root damage to pavement, curbs, and foundations

To prevent trees from growing too large

Root barriers are only needed for oak trees

None

68.

What is the proper method for installing precast concrete curbing along a garden bed?

What is the proper method for installing precast concrete curbing along a garden bed?Deselect Answer

Dig a shallow trench, set curbing at grade with no base, and backfill

Excavate to required depth, place curbing on a 2-inch concrete or compacted gravel base, align and level each piece, stake or pin adjacent pieces together, and backfill both sides firmly

Adhesive-mount curbing to existing pavement without base

Bury curbing 6 inches deep with only 2 inches exposed above grade

None

69.

What is the recommended action when a landscaping project site is found to contain previously unknown buried debris or contaminated soil?

What is the recommended action when a landscaping project site is found to contain previously unknown buried debris or contaminated soil?Deselect Answer

Continue work and incorporate the debris into the fill

Stop work in the affected area, document the discovery, notify the property owner immediately, and consult with environmental professionals before proceeding if contamination is suspected

Remove all debris quickly and dispose of it in a dumpster without testing

Cover the area with clean fill and continue

None

70.

What is the purpose of a pressure compensating emitter in a drip irrigation system?

What is the purpose of a pressure compensating emitter in a drip irrigation system?Deselect Answer

To regulate water pressure in the mainline

To deliver a consistent flow rate regardless of system pressure variations within a specified range, ensuring uniform water distribution to all plants regardless of their position in the system or elevation changes

To increase flow rate in low-pressure situations

To prevent clogging by regulating flow velocity

None

71.

What is the purpose of a lateral line in an irrigation system?

What is the purpose of a lateral line in an irrigation system?Deselect Answer

The main supply line running from the water meter to the valve manifold

The pipe running from the zone valve to the individual sprinkler heads or emitters within a zone, operating only when that zone valve is open

The drainage pipe installed below the irrigation system

The wire connecting the controller to the zone valves

None

72.

What is the correct installation practice for steps on a sloped walkway?

What is the correct installation practice for steps on a sloped walkway?Deselect Answer

Steps can be placed at random intervals wherever convenient

The rise and run of each step must be consistent throughout the flight since mixed step heights are a serious trip hazard; rises of 4 to 7 inches and treads of 11 to 18 inches are comfortable for exterior landscape steps

Exterior steps must always be exactly 7 inches rise and 11 inches tread

Steps are not needed if the slope is under 15 percent

None

73.

What is a takeoff in landscape estimating?

What is a takeoff in landscape estimating?Deselect Answer

The process of removing existing plants and hardscape

The systematic measurement and counting of all materials and quantities needed for a project directly from the plans and specifications

The profit calculation at project closeout

The removal of the project from the contractor schedule

None

74.

What is the purpose of a solenoid valve in an irrigation system?

What is the purpose of a solenoid valve in an irrigation system?Deselect Answer

To manually control water pressure at the controller

To convert an electrical signal from the irrigation controller into mechanical action that opens or closes the water valve, allowing automated zone control

To filter debris from the irrigation water supply

To measure the flow rate through each irrigation zone

None

75.

What is the proper procedure for removing a large limb from a tree to prevent bark tearing?

What is the proper procedure for removing a large limb from a tree to prevent bark tearing?Deselect Answer

Make one cut through the top of the branch as close to the trunk as possible

Use a three-cut method: first undercut 1/3 of the way through the branch 12 to 18 inches from the trunk, second cut through the top several inches further out removing the bulk of the limb, then final cut just outside the branch collar

Tie the limb with a rope before cutting to prevent any movement

Cut the limb in one pass using a chainsaw from the bottom up

None

76.

What is the correct method for programming cycle-and-soak irrigation on a hillside?

What is the correct method for programming cycle-and-soak irrigation on a hillside?Deselect Answer

Set one long run time to apply all water at once

Divide the required total run time into multiple short cycles with 30 to 60 minute breaks between cycles, allowing water to infiltrate between applications and preventing runoff

Only water hillside plants once a week regardless of ET

Use maximum run time settings on the controller for best results

None

77.

When calculating the number of plants needed for a planting bed, what information is essential?

When calculating the number of plants needed for a planting bed, what information is essential?Deselect Answer

Only the total square footage of the bed

The total square footage of the planting area and the specified spacing of each plant species

Only the plant species and their mature size

The soil amendment ratio only

None

78.

If a contractor purchases a plant for $45 and marks it up 25%, what is the selling price to the client?

If a contractor purchases a plant for $45 and marks it up 25%, what is the selling price to the client?Deselect Answer

$50.00

$56.25

$67.50

$72.00

None

79.

What is a scope of work document in landscape contracting?

What is a scope of work document in landscape contracting?Deselect Answer

A document listing only the plant species to be installed

A written description of all work to be performed, materials to be used, quality standards, and exclusions forming the basis of the contract

A financial statement showing project profitability

A permit application to the local building department

None

80.

What is the recommended method for establishing ground cover plants on a slope?

What is the recommended method for establishing ground cover plants on a slope?Deselect Answer

Plant in straight horizontal rows regardless of slope

Plant in a staggered triangular pattern, apply pre-emergent herbicide before planting, install erosion control matting between plants, and irrigate regularly until plants cover the slope

Space plants 3 feet apart in vertical columns down the slope

Apply grass seed and allow natural establishment without planting ground cover plants

None

81.

If a rectangular lawn is 65 feet long and 40 feet wide, and sod is sold in rolls covering 10 square feet each, how many rolls are needed including a 5% waste allowance?

If a rectangular lawn is 65 feet long and 40 feet wide, and sod is sold in rolls covering 10 square feet each, how many rolls are needed including a 5% waste allowance?Deselect Answer

260 rolls

273 rolls

286 rolls

310 rolls

None

82.

What is efflorescence on masonry surfaces and how is it treated?

What is efflorescence on masonry surfaces and how is it treated?Deselect Answer

A type of decorative finish applied to masonry

White mineral deposits that appear on masonry surfaces when soluble salts are carried to the surface by water and left as a residue after evaporation; treated by dry brushing, dilute acid washing, or applying efflorescence remover

Cracking in mortar joints caused by frost damage

Biological growth such as moss or algae on shaded masonry

None

83.

What is the primary difference between a fixed-price contract and a time-and-materials contract in landscape work?

What is the primary difference between a fixed-price contract and a time-and-materials contract in landscape work?Deselect Answer

Fixed-price contracts are only used for small jobs under $10,000

Under a fixed-price contract the contractor assumes the risk of cost overruns; under time-and-materials the client pays actual costs plus markup, shifting cost risk to the client

Time-and-materials contracts always cost less than fixed-price contracts

Fixed-price contracts require no written documentation

None

84.

What is the purpose of a pre-construction meeting with the client before starting a landscape installation?

What is the purpose of a pre-construction meeting with the client before starting a landscape installation?Deselect Answer

To collect the final payment before beginning work

To review the project scope, schedule, access requirements, protection of existing features, communication procedures, and any client concerns before mobilizing equipment and crew

Required by Cal/OSHA before any landscape project

Only needed for commercial projects

None

85.

What is the proper method for diagnosing a failed irrigation zone that runs but produces no visible output?

What is the proper method for diagnosing a failed irrigation zone that runs but produces no visible output?Deselect Answer

Replace the zone valve immediately

Check in sequence: confirm the valve solenoid is receiving power, manually bleed the valve to confirm mechanical function, then inspect the zone for broken heads or a buried leak

Increase the controller run time for that zone

Test by opening the backflow preventer test cocks

None

86.

What is a broom finish concrete and when is it appropriate?

What is a broom finish concrete and when is it appropriate?Deselect Answer

Concrete troweled to a smooth reflective finish for all outdoor applications

A textured surface created by dragging a stiff bristle broom across freshly troweled concrete, creating ridges that provide skid resistance for outdoor pedestrian surfaces

A finish applied after concrete has hardened using a grinding machine

A finish only used for decorative stamped concrete

None

87.

What is the minimum concrete strength typically specified for residential exterior flatwork?

What is the minimum concrete strength typically specified for residential exterior flatwork?Deselect Answer

1,500 PSI

2,500 PSI

3,000 to 4,000 PSI

6,000 PSI

None

88.

What is the purpose of a check valve at the head of each drip irrigation zone?

What is the purpose of a check valve at the head of each drip irrigation zone?Deselect Answer

To filter debris from the emitters

To prevent water from draining backward out of the lateral lines when the zone shuts off, maintaining a full pipe for instant distribution at the next irrigation cycle and preventing low-head drainage

To increase pressure in the drip zone

To prevent water from flowing between zones

None

89.

What is the purpose of mulching around trees and plants?

What is the purpose of mulching around trees and plants?Deselect Answer

Mulch is only decorative and has no functional benefit

Mulch conserves soil moisture, moderates soil temperature, suppresses weeds, improves soil structure as it decomposes, and reduces erosion from irrigation and rainfall

Mulch primarily prevents soil compaction from foot traffic only

Mulch provides nutrients equivalent to annual fertilization

None

90.

When planning irrigation for a hillside, what is the most important consideration to prevent runoff?

When planning irrigation for a hillside, what is the most important consideration to prevent runoff?Deselect Answer

Using the largest possible nozzles to apply water quickly

Selecting low-precipitation-rate heads and using cycle-and-soak programming to apply water in short cycles allowing soil infiltration between cycles

Installing the irrigation system at the top of the hill only

Using only drip irrigation on all slopes regardless of plant type

None

91.

What type of erosion control is most effective on a newly graded slope with greater than 3:1 gradient?

What type of erosion control is most effective on a newly graded slope with greater than 3:1 gradient?Deselect Answer

Silt fence alone

Erosion control blanket or Bonded Fiber Matrix anchored to the slope, combined with seeding or planting

Straw mulch without anchoring

Concrete channel at the top of slope only

None

92.

What type of lighting is most appropriate for illuminating a specimen tree from below?

What type of lighting is most appropriate for illuminating a specimen tree from below?Deselect Answer

Path lights placed at the base of the tree

Uplighting using directional bullet or well lights positioned outside the drip line aiming upward into the canopy

Downlighting from the tree canopy

Flood lights mounted on the house facing the tree

None

93.

What is the purpose of curing compound applied to fresh concrete?

What is the purpose of curing compound applied to fresh concrete?Deselect Answer

To add color or stain to the concrete surface

To seal the concrete surface and retain moisture needed for continued cement hydration, improving strength and reducing surface dusting and scaling

To increase the speed of concrete hardening

To bond the concrete to the aggregate base below

None

94.

What is the primary purpose of obtaining a C-27 landscape contractor license from the CSLB?

What is the primary purpose of obtaining a C-27 landscape contractor license from the CSLB?Deselect Answer

To obtain discounts from landscape suppliers

To legally perform and contract for landscape work in California, demonstrating minimum competency and financial responsibility

A license is only required for projects over $50,000

Required only for commercial projects, not residential

None

95.

What is the standard markup percentage that landscape contractors typically apply to materials in their bids?

What is the standard markup percentage that landscape contractors typically apply to materials in their bids?Deselect Answer

5 to 10 percent

15 to 30 percent

50 to 75 percent

100 percent or more

None

96.

What is Cal/OSHA requirement for providing shade to outdoor landscape workers?

What is Cal/OSHA requirement for providing shade to outdoor landscape workers?Deselect Answer

Shade is only required when temperature exceeds 100 degrees F

Cal/OSHA Section 3395 requires employers to provide access to shade when outdoor temperatures reach 80 degrees F or higher; shade must be sufficient to accommodate all workers during rest periods simultaneously

Workers are responsible for providing their own shade

Shade requirements only apply to construction workers not landscapers

None

97.

What is the purpose of lien rights for landscape contractors in California?

What is the purpose of lien rights for landscape contractors in California?Deselect Answer

Lien rights allow the contractor to retain ownership of installed plants

Mechanics liens allow contractors who have not been paid to place a legal claim against the property where work was performed, giving them security for unpaid amounts and a legal remedy to force payment

Liens are only available to subcontractors not to prime contractors

Lien rights require a lawsuit before they can be filed

None

98.

What is the significance of a soil percolation rate in landscape design?

What is the significance of a soil percolation rate in landscape design?Deselect Answer

It measures the soil nutrient content

Percolation rate measures how quickly water drains through the soil, affecting plant selection, irrigation design, and whether drainage improvements are needed

It determines the soil pH level

Percolation rate only matters for vegetable gardens

None

99.

What is a soil moisture sensor and how does it improve irrigation efficiency?

What is a soil moisture sensor and how does it improve irrigation efficiency?Deselect Answer

A sensor that measures soil pH to determine fertilizer needs

A device installed in the root zone that measures actual soil water content, preventing irrigation from running when the soil still has adequate moisture from previous irrigation or rainfall

A sensor that adjusts water pressure in the irrigation mainline

A device that measures the depth of the water table

None

100.

What is the required action when a worker is injured on a landscaping job site?

What is the required action when a worker is injured on a landscaping job site?Deselect Answer

Continue work and document the injury at end of day

Provide first aid, call 911 if needed, report the injury to Cal/OSHA within required timeframes including serious injuries and fatalities within 8 hours, complete a workers compensation claim, and document the incident

Only report the injury if the worker files a complaint

Injuries must only be reported if they result in lost work time

None

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